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 Application Spotlight: Slip / Safety Clutch

How Wave Springs Provide Assistance In Assembly

What's a slip/safety clutch?

Slip / safety clutches are couplings that disconnect two shafts or a shaft and a component fitted to it when there is an excessive increase in the torque transmitted (an overload) or in the speed of rotation; that is, it protects a machine from breakage when the normal operating conditions are exceeded.

Friction slip / safety clutches are kept engaged by the axial spring force until the torque increases to the point of overcoming the spring force. Therefore, Friction slip, dog, and ball clutches all make use of some type of spring element to maintain their load between the output and input shafts. These are often making use of coil spring arrays or Belleville springs. 

Types of clutches:

  • Shear Pin Clutch - Relies on pin breakage when excessive loads are applied, which poses as a downside due to replacement after the clutch disengages.
  • Friction Clutch - The next evolution in clutches, in which pressure is created between frictional surfaces by springs adjusted to transmit the maximum permissible torque. The downside is eventually wear can result due to heat. 
  • Dog & Ball Clutches - Use a mechanical interference that are kept engaged by springs until the torque increases to the point of overcoming the spring forces

TruWave flat wire wave springs can often be used in place of a spring array or Belleville washers for safety clutches. These can simplify the number of components in the assembly or also help to shrink the overall size of the assembly. This results in cost and weight savings while also improving performance by not having to replace components often.

Slip Clutch application

Layout of a Conventional Slip / Safety Clutch 

  • Output Connection (4) - connected or attached to the output shaft that you want to drive. 
  • Friction Pad / Disc (7) & Pressure Disc (11) -  These work in conjunction as friction elements, which provides the contact surface between these components. This ensures movement on the right is translated to the left.
  • Adjusting Nut (9) & Threaded Pin (10) - helps attach the clutch to the drive unit.
  • Adjusting Ring (12), Spring Element (13) & Cylinder Head Bolt (15) - The amount of force that can be transmitted through the clutch is controlled by 12, 13, and 15. The spring element in this case would be disc springs provides the force that lets you adjust how much torque can be transmitted into the clutch. This is done by adjusting the cylinder head bolts which will tighten down or loosen the adjustment ring to preload those springs. 
layout of slip clutch

Slip/Safety Clutch With Our Parts

  • Wave Spring - Rotor Clip has the capability to replace and simplify the assembly with a single spring element (wave spring). This results in making an assembly easier which will permit optimization sizing because you have a stronger spring element to potentially tailor the size down.
  • External Spiral Ring -  Serves as detection function, for when the clutch disengages to slow down in order to reengage. Includes a shoulder and a detector in order to locate right to left of the spiral ring. Overall our part will be used in conjunction with a censor that will detect the location of the ring and be able to determine the functional state of the clutch.
  • External Tapered Section Ring - Fixing the preload plate to the output shaft.
Slip Clutch w WS and Detection Spiral

Comparison Load Deflection Curves 

The original/traditional design of slip / safety clutches considers a multiplicity of coil springs or stacked disc springs which are shared on the periphery of the friction ring.

Only the multi-turn wave spring does have a linear area between 30% and 70% deflection. This advantage allows a specific load adjustment and a load without big meanderings during deflection. That’s very important for an accurate adjustment of the slip / safety clutch.

slip clutch comparison load deflection curves

Benefits of using a wave spring in a slip/safety clutch

No tooling costs for special dimensions and exotic materials for all kind of wave springs which are used in clutch applications!

One Highly Engineered Spring

Only one spring will be used for the assembly; there is no risk to forget one spring during the assembly process 

Minimize Traditional Components

The number of screws to fix and compress the multiplicity of coil or disc springs can be minimized.

Axial Space Savings

Wave springs will save axial space; space saving = compact clutch design!

Radial Space Savings

Using wave springs will save radial space compared to disc springs.

No Torsional Movements 

No torsional movements compared to a coil spring during compression to work height; a wave spring always provides its load in axial direction.

Accurate Axial Force

Low spring rate with very flat load deflection curve provides a very accurate axial force to adjust the point of overcoming the spring force.

Assembly Line Advantages

Cling in bore (single turn wave spring designs only) and cling on shaft offers advantages in the assembly line – the wave spring does not need to fixed separately while the next component will be assembled.

Materials

Stainless steel and exotic materials could be easily used to provide correct corrosion and heat resistance (e.g. AISI 316 stainless steel, 17-7PH Cond.CH900 stainless steel, Inconel X-750 etc.)

 Our Product Line

Our goal here at Rotor Clip is to continuously produce and deliver high quality, precision parts with tight tolerances that our customers can count on. In order to meet this goal, Rotor Clip has taken every critical production step and support process in-house. This total vertical integration allows for a very high level of quality control, process optimization, and innovation when it comes to manufacturing retaining rings, wave springs, and hose clamps.

wave spring video shorter

Customers

rexnord
mayr
rexroth
luk
waltershield
bondioli
walther
ktr
ortlinghaus

Engineering On Demand

Our engineers can assist you from the initial idea for your design to development of prototype and production. Simply fill in the form below to get in touch with a member of our Engineering On Demand Team.